This must have been his reason for adding at the beginning of the work the comment that it es dificil hasta ser entendida and, from bar 125 of the original tablature, that Desde aqui fasta acerca del final ay Algunas falsas taniendose bien no parecen mal. Mudarra was also obviously aware of the novelty of his work. These are the ingredients from which the harp effect is created.
Instead of relying on imitative counterpoint, the usual staple ingredient of the fantasia, here we find arpeggios, embellished and syncopated passages, as well as various kinds of chromaticism and dissonance.
Of the 219 fantasias that survive for the vihuela, it is the only one that makes use of special idiomatic effects, imitating on one stringed instrument sounds belonging to another. The fame that this fantasia enjoys are due above all to its novel harplike sound effects. My inten- tion here, however, is not principally to provide an historical discourse, but rather to expose a set of his- torical and analytical facts that might stimulate per- formers towards a style of interpretation based on a new vision of the work one which challenges various accepted notions. The work thus contains a second layer of information based on Mudarra’s perceptions of solo instrumental improvisation of an earlier age. A facsimile of the original edition is also currently available The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the uniqueness of the Fantasia que contrahaze la harpa among fantasias for the vihuela: it is the earliest known set of variations on the FoliJl, written by Mudarra to emulate a renowned harpist of a previous generation. Many guitar transcriptions have been published and, apart from individuality of fingering, most agree with the modifica- tions to the original tablature that appear in Emilio Pujol’s standard critical edition of Mudarra’s Tres libros ~. First published in his Tres Libros de Musica en Cifras para Vmuela (Seville: Juan de Leon, 1546), both the novelty of sound and the ingenuity of conception have guaran- teed Mudarra’s fantasia a lasting attraction among vihuelists, lutenists and guitarists.
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